[N965.Ebook] Free Ebook Race, Trauma, and Home in the Novels of Toni Morrison (Southern Literary Studies), by Evelyn Jaffe Schreiber

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In this first interdisciplinary study of all nine of Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison's novels, Evelyn Jaffe Schreiber investigates how the communal and personal trauma of slavery embedded in the bodies and minds of its victims lives on through successive generations of African Americans. Approaching trauma from several cutting-edge theoretical perspectives -- psychoanalytic, neurobiological, and cultural and social theories -- Schreiber analyzes the lasting effects of slavery as depicted in Morrison's work and considers the almost insurmountable task of recovering from trauma to gain subjectivity.

With an innovative application of neuroscience to literary criticism, Schreiber explains how trauma, whether initiated by physical abuse, dehumanization, discrimination, exclusion, or abandonment, becomes embedded in both psychic and bodily circuits. Slavery and its legacy of cultural rejection create trauma on individual, familial, and community levels, and parents unwittingly transmit their trauma to their children through repetition of their bodily stored experiences. Concepts of "home" -- whether a physical place, community, or relationship -- are reconstructed through memory to provide a positive self and serve as a healing space for Morrison's characters. Remembering and retelling trauma within a supportive community enables trauma victims to move forward and attain a meaningful subjectivity and selfhood.

Through careful analysis of each novel, Schreiber traces the success or failure of Morrison's characters to build or rebuild a cohesive self, starting with slavery and the initial postslavery generation, and continuing through the twentieth century, with a special focus on the effects of inherited trauma on children. When characters attempt to escape trauma through physical relocation, or to project their pain onto others through aggressive behavior or scapegoating, the development of selfhood falters. Only when trauma is confronted through verbalization and challenged with reparative images of home, can memories of a positive self overcome the pain of past experiences and cultural rejection.

While the cultural trauma of slavery can never truly disappear, Schreiber argues that memories that reconstruct a positive self, whether created by people, relationships, a physical place, or a concept, help Morrison's characters to establish subjectivity. A groundbreaking interdisciplinary work, Schreiber's book unites psychoanalytic, neurobiological, and social theories into a full and richly textured analysis of trauma and the possibility of healing in Morrison's novels.

• Sales Rank: #2228848 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Louisiana State University Press
• Published on: 2010-12-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 1.00" h x 6.10" w x 9.10" l, 1.10 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 236 pages

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From the Back Cover

Winner of the 2012 Toni Morrison Society Book Prize

"Provides a detailed analysis of the connection between race and trauma and shows through a deeply informed understanding of psychological and neurobiological analyses how the very real and traumatic wounds of racism can affect the mind and the body for generations." -- Carolyn Denard, editor of What Moves at the Margin: Selected Non-Fiction by Toni Morrison and Toni Morrison: Conversations

"Dynamic and engaging, redirecting the insights of trauma studies and psychoanalytic theory (including neurobiology and the body) toward an analysis of 'home' in Morrison's work." -- Katrina Harack, American Studies in Review

In this interdisciplinary study of nine novels by Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison, Evelyn Jaffe Schreiber investigates how the communal and personal trauma of slavery, embedded in the bodies and minds of its victims, lives on through successive generations of African Americans. Approaching trauma from several theoretical perspectives -- psychoanalytic, neurobiological, and cultural and social theories -- Schreiber analyzes the lasting effects of slavery as depicted in Morrison's work and considers the almost insurmountable task of recovering from trauma to gain subjectivity. Only when trauma is confronted through verbalization and challenged with reparative images of home can memories of a positive self overcome the pain of past experiences and cultural rejection.

Evelyn Jaffe Schreiber is a professor of English at George Washington University. Her first book, Subversive Voices: Eroticizing the Other in William Faulkner and Toni Morrison, was awarded the Toni Morrison Society Book Prize in 2003.

About the Author

Evelyn Jaffe Schreiber is an associate professor of English at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. She is the author of Subversive Voices: Eroticizing the Other in William Faulkner and Toni Morrison.

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[L882.Ebook] Ebook Free Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans, by Vivien Spitz

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A chilling story of human depravity and ultimate justice, told for the first time by an eyewitness court reporter for the Nuremberg war crimes trial of Nazi doctors. This is the account of 23 men torturing and killing by experiment in the name of scientific research and patriotism. Doctors from Hell includes trial transcripts that have not been easily available to the general public and previously unpublished photographs used as evidence in the trial.

• Sales Rank: #31809 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Sentient Publications
• Published on: 2005-04-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.64" h x 1.16" w x 6.54" l, 1.14 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 318 pages

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From Booklist
Spitz reported the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials in Germany from 1946 to 1948 for the U.S. War Department. In writing her book, she worked from a condensed transcript of the 11,538-page court reporters' record, which she helped prepare. Her horrendous story of evil--and ultimate justice--covers the trials of 20 doctors and three medical assistants charged with crimes against humanity and calculated genocide. She recounts experiments in which concentration-camp inmates were forced into high-altitude chambers and sent to 68,000 feet without oxygen; the suffering of inmates forced to undergo freezing experiments in tanks of ice water until they died; malaria experiments on 1,200 inmates; and experiments in which inmates were artificially wounded and infected with mustard gas. There were sulfanilamide experiments conducted on Polish Catholic priests in Dachau, and seawater experiments on Gypsies. Spitz also reports on the judgments and sentences in these trials. The book paints a nightmarish picture of a world without hope that had lost all its values and meaning. George Cohen
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved

Review
This shocking first-hand account of the monstrous behaviors of Nazi physicians by Vivien Spitz should be required reading for all medical, dental, nursing, and public health students and faculty. Time is better spent reading this book than filling out HIPAA forms and other well-intentioned but even less effective tools designed to protect patients' interests.

Spitz was a 22-year-old court reporter during the doctors' trials at Nuremberg following World War II. In Doctors from hell: the horrific account of Nazj experiments on humans, she recounts in vivid, objective detail the horrific human experiments conducted by 20 so-called physicians and medical assistants in Germany under the direction of the Nazis. The human experiments included "high-altitude" experiments in which concentration camp inmates were forced, without oxygen, into high-altitude chambers that duplicated conditions at up to 68,000 feet; removal of sections of bone, muscle, and nerves, including whole legs removed at the hips to transplant to other victims; artificial wounding and exposure to mustard gas; wounding of two limbs and treatment of one but not the other with sulfanamide antibiotics; intramuscular injection with fresh typhus; and collection of skeletons from 112 live Jewish inmates who were killed and defleshed.

When you read this account, do not skip past the critically important foreword by Fredrick R. Adams. It is Adams who helps put this horror into a modern and deeply disturbing context for us. Adams carefully documents how Nazi doctors shaped much of their human experimentation program after similar studies conducted earlier in the United States. He notes that "Germans lagged behind their American colleagues in implementing the eugenic endorsements of doctors." Adams writes that as of 1995, Mississippi's eugenic sterilization law allowing for compulsory sterilization of "the socially inadequate" was still in force. Indeed, Germany's sterilization law, passed in 1933, came 26 years after the state of Indiana's. What lessons have been learned from the medical experimentation horrors of the Nazis? Today, in my own field of cardiology, I am aware of clinical studies now ongoing, particularly in the areas of gene therapy and cell-based therapy, for which there are inadequately convincing animal data, yet patients are being subjected to experimentation that puts them at great risk. What chance do patients have, even the most well informed, when an arrogant and egotistically driven physician tells them that they are going to die unless they submit themselves to an unproven treatment? Are the patients told the truth - that we don't have a lot of options, and this is an unproven therapy that will likely to do more harm than good, but we need to experiment on you?

As one reads Spitz's beautifully written and fully documented account of the Nazi medical atrocities, one searches to understand the why and how. One clear motivation for the anti-Semitism among German doctors was the potential for personal and professional gain. For example, as Adams writes, "dismissal of Jewish scientists from the Kaiser Wilhelm Consortium provided dozens of openings for professional promotion and opportunities for advancement in addition to usurping the reins and funds of research grants."

How far have we come? Can the worldwide community of physicians who did little or nothing in the 1940s afford to sit silently when modern-day leaders call for the same kind of ethnic cleansing so carefully and effectively practiced by German physicians 60 years ago?

As the shocking tale concludes and becomes numbing, the reader must ask what lessons there are for us today. The health care industry, in the parlance of our times, has become a dangerous driver of the kinds of abuses that were made famous by the Nazi doctors. Too much emphasis and reward is given to those who discover new treatments for patients. Thus, the driving force for some becomes the clinical trial that leads to FDA approval of the next blockbuster drug. Have we lost sight of the moral and ethical compass that was also absent among the German doctors during World War II? Is all the excess, glory, and fortune jeopardizing the very important and necessary rights of patients to truly informed consent? We pride ourselves in having come so far and learned so much in the past 60 years about how to respect patients' rights, but when a giant company like Merck tries to hide data about a blockbuster drug because it may be harming some patients, we must ask ourselves - how far have we come?

One of the tenets of Judaism is to bear witness, not to forget, but rather to remember and learn from the past, to never let it happen again. As health care providers, we have a moral duty to first read Spitz's alarming book and then to speak out to question and to hold our colleagues to a higher moral standard to ensure that there is no sequel to Doctors from hell.

--The Journal of Clinical Investigation; January 4, 2006

As a court reporter at the Nuremberg trails from 1946 to 1947, Vivien Spitz became one of the first people to learn of the atrocities committed in Nazi Germany.. Spitz chose to be assigned to the trials of Nazi doctors and this experience at age 22 changed her life “significantly and forever” (p.10). The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials were the first international criminal trials in history. The book helps us to imagine what is must have been like to hear of these exercises in sadism as she did from the mouths of both perpetrators and victims. Spitz notes that there were no legal precedents in place for dealing with carefully orchestrated barbarism on a national scale. As a result she was what the SHOAH Visual History Foundation has termed “ a witness to history”. The trials essentially ushered in a new era in which terms such as “crimes against humanity” and “genocide” became necessary. Another landmark of history that was precipitated by these particular trials was the Nuremberg Code which established guidelines still in place today for medical research involving human beings. Spitz is clearly interested in both documenting the past and in using it as a cautionary tale in the present. From 1987 to 2004 she has been involved in Holocaust education using her status as a direct witness of events to challenge Holocaust deniers. Spitz felt strongly as a Christian of German ancestry that she had a particular obligation to address the issue of the Holocaust and this work is part of her ongoing commitment to education.

“Doctors from Hell” begins with Spitz’s trip with the U.S military to war ravaged Nuremberg in October 1946. The bombed out city, which was without heat or clean water, came as a shock to her and she and the rest of the allied forces were greeted with hostility by its inhabitants. The descriptions of her life in Nuremberg which are interspersed throughout the book are a record of her own loss of innocence. This included her realization that the father of a friend had been the leader of the Chicago branch of the German-American Bund, a fascist group that supported Hitler’s actions in Germany. The Americans adopted a siege mentality while in Nuremberg eventually living in the Grand Hotel which was the hub of American life during this period. The social life and camaraderie Spitz experienced there was the only counterbalance she had to the tale of horror that unfolded each day in the court room. This hotel was bombed by German terrorists in 1947, but miraculously no one was injured, however the event reinforced the social distance between Spitz and the German population.

The book is structured by the cases arraigned before the Tribunal made up of four American judges and indicting twenty Nazi doctors and three medical assistants. The experiments conducted by these doctors were committed upon prisoners of war without their consent. They included High Altitude, Malaria, Freezing, Poison and Sterilization experiments among others. Each chapter is devoted to one particular experiment and includes testimony from the trials, relevant photographs of victims and the doctors on trial. These sections are not for the faint of heart and depict the most barbarous acts imaginable. Almost as shocking as the actual acts is the complete lack of remorse shown by the defendants on the witness stand. Instead the accused, the majority of whom were highly educated doctors and surgeons, were resentful and defensive. Horrifyingly, one Gypsy man a victim of sadistic sea water experiments that left him permanently disabled, was questioned by a clearly racist defense council. This same man was harshly punished for attempting to stab the doctor who was responsible for his suffering and that of his fellow prisoners. In his own defense he stated, “ That man is a murderer. He has ruined by whole life.” Having read only extracts from these trials it is understandable that the author did not seek renew her contract at Nuremberg and returned to the United States in May 1948.

Upon returning to America Spitz experienced reverse culture shock faced with a country seemingly untouched by the tragedy that she had just witnessed. Spitz was deeply affected by the “coordinated evil and hatred on an unprecedented scale perpetrated by a modern, civilized society of my heritage”(p.273). Plagued by nightmares she did her best to carry on with life marrying and having two sons. In 1972 Spitz was asked to act as a parliamentary reporter in Washington. During this period she became increasingly disturbed that no efforts had been made by non-Jews to commemorate the Holocaust.

In 1980 she was present as a reporter for the bill that established the United States Memorial Council under the direction of President Jimmy Carter and Holocaust survivor and Chairman Elie Wiesel. In 1987 the next phase of Spitz’s work began when she became aware of a Holocaust denier in her hometown of Denver, Colorado. Spitz leapt into action unearthing transcripts and photographs that she had brought back with her from Nuremberg many years before. Since 1987 Spitz has spoken to more than forty thousand people all over the world in churches, universities, synagogues and law schools. She was also chosen to give testimony as part of Steven Spielberg’s SHOAH Visual History Foundation. As a result of her tireless efforts in Holocaust education in 2002 she was honoured as a “Righteous Gentile” by the University of Denver Holocaust Awareness Institute.

“Doctor’s from Hell” is an extension of Spitz’s education work as it documents what she heard while covering the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. As a person of conscience she was forced to grapple very early in her life with the most profound moral questions of our time. How could ordinary people sink to such levels of depravity? What are the implications of these actions for ethics? The foreword to this book by ethicist Fredrick R. Abrams M.D. situates the work in the context of contemporary issues. Abrams notes that unethical experiments performed without consent continued to occur in the United States after the writing of the Nuremberg code. Both he and Spitz emphasize the importance of individual conscience and societal vigilance. Spitz continues her mission to warn us that it is up to each person to ensure that they question all authority and “ not allow malignant evil to go unchallenged and unchecked” (p.293). The impassive faces of the Nazi doctors on the cover of the book and the testimony inside warn against what can happen if we do not.

--Gillian McCann, Ph.D.; Women and the Holocaust

Written by skilled journalist Vivian Spitz, who counts being the youngest court reporter at the Nuremberg Trials among her many accomplishments, Doctors From Hell: The Horrific Account Of Nazi Experiments On Humans presents literal testimonies of Nuremburg war crimes trials specifically pertaining to murderous medical experiments performed on living people. A bleak, stark, and severe account; the dry yet thoroughly detailed testimony speaks for itself. Information concerning the conviction and sentencing of defendents is also included. The author offers closing chapters about adapting to a normal life after her role in bearing witness to unspeakable atrocities, including her encounters with poisonous and sometimes threatening Holocaust deniers. A straightforward primary source appreciable to scholars and lay readers alike, and a welcome contribution to Holocaust Studies and reference shelves.

--Midwest Book Review

From the Inside Flap
"In this personal account of her service in the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, Vivien Spitz continues to contribute to the cause of human rights." —President James Carter

This is a chilling story of human depravity and ultimate justice, told for the first time by an eyewitness—a court reporter for the Nuremberg war crimes trial of Nazi doctors. This is the account of torture and murder by experiment in the name of scientific research and patriotism. Doctors from Hell includes trial transcripts that have not been easily available to the general public and previously unpublished photographs used as evidence in the trial.

The author describes the experience of being in bombed-out, dangerous, post-war Nuremberg, where she lived for two years while working on the trial. Once a Nazi sympathizer tossed bombs into the dining room of the hotel where she lived moments before she arrived for dinner. She takes us into the courtroom to hear the dramatic testimony and see the reactions of the defendants to the proceedings. The witnesses tell of experiments in which they were deprived of oxygen; frozen; injected with malaria, typhus, and jaundice; subjected to the amputation of healthy limbs; forced to drink seawater for weeks at a time; and other horrors.

This landmark trial resulted in the establishment of the Nuremberg Code, which sets the guidelines for medical research involving human beings. Doctors from Hell is a significant addition to the literature on World War II and the Holocaust, medical ethics, human rights, and the barbaric depths to which human beings can descend.

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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans
By Brian Kreie
Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans is a highly informative account of certain Nazi doctors going to trial. The author, herself, was a key witness to the testimonies and court proceedings of these sordid individuals. As a court reporter, the author sat through countless accounts of hideous acts performed on "test subjects" for the greater good of the German Reich. What is shocking is that not one doctor admitted guilt or show the slightest hint of remorse. This books brings up the subject of how highly educated people could resort to ghastly experiments on people. Likewise, the book covers all kinds of procedures and experiments that were undertook during the years 1933-45.

If for any reason you are looking for a book on the ethos of medical ethics this book brings to life the dark side of moral decay, then this is one book that should be considered. The accounts told in this book is not for the lighthearted. Serious crimes were committed and their details are shocking in scope. What is more haunting are the countless Nazi perpetrators who aided in these sadistic experiments and were never tried or convicted of war crimes.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Disturbing, But Couldn't Put It Down
By NorthCountryMN
I wasn't sure how I would like this book, but once I started, I couldn't stop. I don't enjoy reading about or seeing the horrific things that can be inflicted on others, but like many people, there is a morbid curiosity that most people hate to admit to.

It still seems almost unbelieveable that there is such absolute evil in the world that such disturbing atrosities can be inflicted on other human beings as though they are not living things at all- but test subjects and thus not given any consideration whatsoever. And while a few of the experiments did yield some actual scientific results, the fact that no human used was actually treated like a human is apalling.

The aspect of the book was very well depicted from the point of view of a court reporter during the Nuremberg trials. How she was able to perform her job without being physically ill on a daily basis must have been a feat of sheer willpower.

If you have any interest in the Holocaust whatsoever, this book is a must-have for your library.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A First Person Account of the Doctors Trials in Nuremberg
By Martin H. Block
On April 1, 2014 I learned that the author of Doctor's from Hell, Vivien Spitz, had passed away at the age of 89. As a retired court reporter and Past President of the National Court Reporters Association, I had the distinct honor of knowing Ms. Spitz.

When I remember Vivien Spitz I remember her as almost three distinct persons ineluctably and forever connected. There is the Vivien Spitz whose accomplishments as a shorthand reporter radiated a degree of professional excellence that is at the high water mark for all shorthand reporters. Then there is the Vivien Spitz who shorthand reportres will always love and remember as the kind and considerate fellow professional who shared so much of her professional life with us. And finally, there is the Vivien Spitz who witnessed what few Americans would ever witness, an evil that in the final chapter of her brilliant memoirs attributable to her two years as the youngest shorthand reporter at the Nuremburg trials she describes in the words of Justice Robert H. Jackson, “The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant, and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot survive their being repeated.”

Few who were not direct victims of the horrors of the Holocaust could address, as Ms. Spitz did across the world and to thousands, with all the integrity that she possessed, this monumental subject. Even fewer could have written Doctors from Hell. Vivien made keeping the memory of the Holocaust alive her life’s work upon retiring as a shorthand reporter, and for that the world should forever be grateful to this wonderful human being.

This is the one book that all people need to read, but particularly those of the generations that were born after the end of the Second World War. This is the truth that confronts those who deny what happened. This is what General Eisenhower wrote when attemepting to describe what he witnessed to Chief of Staff General George Marshall, as things that "beggar description." The evidence of starvation and bestiality "were so overpowering as to leave me a bit sick," Eisenhower reported. "I visited every nook and cranny." It was his duty, he felt, "to be in a position from then on to testify about these things in case there ever grew up at home the belief … that the stories of Nazi brutality were just propaganda." Eisenhower realized that some day the crimes of the Holocaust might be denied.

Ms. Spitz undertook her mission because indeed the time did come when the Hocaust deniers emerged, and that mission culminated in Doctors from Hell. The greatest memorial we can erect to Vivien Spitz is to promise that we shall all “Never Forget.”

Read this book and learn.

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• Sales Rank: #3926798 in Books
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Few people learn to sew from their mothers any more, but many would love to master this rewarding and enjoyable skill. Sewing Basics is the ultimate bible for sewing at home, making sewing accessible for all. Covering fabrics, sewing machines, hand sewing, fitting, finishing, trouble-shooting and much more, this comprehensive and easy-to-follow book will soon have you approaching a needle and thread with confidence. For beginners learning how to hem and for more experienced sewers who need help dealing with difficult fabrics, Sewing Basics is an invaluable reference to keep on the bookshelf for many years to come.

• Sales Rank: #1800796 in Books
• Published on: 2011-06-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.84" h x .87" w x 8.27" l, .0 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 272 pages

About the Author
Sandra has tertiary qualifications in Fashion, Theatre Costume and Theatre Crafts and now enjoys the colourful, gypsy-like career of a freelance costume maker, working on various projects in theatre, film, events and making couture bridalwear. Sandra has a passion for beautifully crafted costumes, creative ventures of all sorts, and vintage clothing and collectables.

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29 of 30 people found the following review helpful.
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By Jane A. Ross
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15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Great Details for a Novice Seamstress
By Trixie L
I picked up Sewing Basics, assuming that it would be able to guide me through some sewing projects that I have been needing to do (sew a button hole, modify a dress neckline), and was hoping for some inspiration as well. Sewing Basics is packed with details and great photographs guiding readers through all sorts of stages - from working with patterns to sewing pockets, and from working with elastic to attaching fastenings to garments. Unfortunately, however, this book is still a bit over my head. Rather than including step-by-step photos, the book is text heavy with a number of photos per project, leaving me (a beginning sewer) to guess what happened in between. If you have some sewing experience, you should be find because the steps are pretty intuitive if you have experience. For a beginner like me, however, I need a bit more hand holding than this book was able to provide.
The depth and breadth of this book is impressive, regardless of whether I was actually able to glean any sewing skills from it. The details about various aspects of projects were incredible (Sandra Bardwell goes to great lengths to explain things like rouleau and applique - two aspects I never expected to see in this book and was intrigued to learn about even if I don't see myself doing either in the near future). Overall, this book has lots of information, but it is a bit over my head as a true sewing beginner.

7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
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By Craft Manic
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• Sales Rank: #12969106 in Books
• Published on: 2010-01-01
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• Sales Rank: #4232809 in Books
• Published on: 2011-10-07
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.50" h x .15" w x 5.50" l, .18 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 62 pages

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• Published on: 1993
• Binding: Paperback
• 684 pages

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[Q609.Ebook] Free Ebook The Meaning of Human Existence, by Edward O. Wilson

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National Book Award Finalist. How did humanity originate and why does a species like ours exist on this planet? Do we have a special place, even a destiny in the universe? Where are we going, and perhaps, the most difficult question of all, "Why?"

In The Meaning of Human Existence, his most philosophical work to date, Pulitzer Prize–winning biologist Edward O. Wilson grapples with these and other existential questions, examining what makes human beings supremely different from all other species. Searching for meaning in what Nietzsche once called "the rainbow colors" around the outer edges of knowledge and imagination, Wilson takes his readers on a journey, in the process bridging science and philosophy to create a twenty-first-century treatise on human existence―from our earliest inception to a provocative look at what the future of mankind portends.

Continuing his groundbreaking examination of our "Anthropocene Epoch," which he began with The Social Conquest of Earth, described by the New York Times as "a sweeping account of the human rise to domination of the biosphere," here Wilson posits that we, as a species, now know enough about the universe and ourselves that we can begin to approach questions about our place in the cosmos and the meaning of intelligent life in a systematic, indeed, in a testable way.

Once criticized for a purely mechanistic view of human life and an overreliance on genetic predetermination, Wilson presents in The Meaning of Human Existence his most expansive and advanced theories on the sovereignty of human life, recognizing that, even though the human and the spider evolved similarly, the poet's sonnet is wholly different from the spider's web. Whether attempting to explicate "The Riddle of the Human Species," "Free Will," or "Religion"; warning of "The Collapse of Biodiversity"; or even creating a plausible "Portrait of E.T.," Wilson does indeed believe that humanity holds a special position in the known universe.

The human epoch that began in biological evolution and passed into pre-, then recorded, history is now more than ever before in our hands. Yet alarmed that we are about to abandon natural selection by redesigning biology and human nature as we wish them, Wilson soberly concludes that advances in science and technology bring us our greatest moral dilemma since God stayed the hand of Abraham.

• Sales Rank: #32039 in Books
• Published on: 2015-09-07
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.30" h x .70" w x 5.50" l, .38 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 208 pages

Review
“A valedictory work… What a lively writer Mr. Wilson can be. This two time winner of the Pulitzer Prize in nonfiction stands above the crowd of biology writers the way John le Carré stands above spy writers. He’s wise, learned, wicked, vivid, oracular.” (Dwight Garner - New York Times Book Review)

“In his typically elegant style, two-time Pulitzer Prize-winner Wilson (Letters to a Young Scientist) cannily and candidly probes the nature of human existence.” (Publishers Weekly)

“This illustrious book collects all 160 photographs of renowned abolitionist Frederick Douglass and astutely places Douglass’s personal interest in photography into the context of his career and legacy…. This study provides a multifaceted, unique look at one of the most influential figures of American history.” (Publishers Weekly)

“This stunning volume presents 160 photographs, some for the first time, and they not only follow Douglass throughout his life but also place him within the times he lived…. Stauffer, Zoe Trodd, and Celeste-Marie Bernier point out that Douglass saw the truth-telling aspects of photography and how it could be used as a tool in the fight against slavery, as photos both humanized African Americans and revealed the horrors of their enslavement. This tour de force is a must-have that will enhance history and reference collections.” (Patricia Ann Owens - Library Journal, Starred review)

“E. O. Wilson is Darwin’s great successor, a scientist of such astounding breadth, depth, experience, and brilliance that he offers us nothing less than a new understanding of humanity… You will see the beauty, mystery, and possibilities of human existence through the eyes of one of humanity’s greatest and most intrepid explorers.” (Jeffrey D. Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University)

“[A] tough-minded little primer-cum-manifesto… Compact and readable.” (Dan Cryer - Boston Globe)

“There can be few better guides through our species’ past journey and potential for the future… A provocative and beautifully written collection of essays.” (Tim Lenton - Nature)

“No biologist has been more persistent or eloquent in correcting our misapprehensions about human origins than Edward O. Wilson… We should be grateful that Wilson, so late in his illustrious career, still appeals to reason and imagination in hopes of enlightening us about our nature and inspiring us to change our destructive ways.” (Scott Russell Sanders - Washington Post)

“Wilson asks: Does humanity have a special place in the universe? Where are we going, and why? He answers by telling science’s latest creation stories, and presenting a vision of the future both inspiring and plausible, not an easy feat to pull off… Wilson is both a wild-eyed optimist and a hard-nosed realist. What more can we ask of a prophet?” (John Horgan - Scientific American)

About the Author
Edward O. Wilson is widely recognized as one of the world's preeminent biologists and naturalists. The author of more than twenty books, including The Creation, The Social Conquest of Earth, The Meaning of Human Existence, and Letters to a Young Scientist, Wilson is a professor emeritus at Harvard University. The winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, he lives in Lexington, Massachusetts.

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336 of 358 people found the following review helpful.
An epic (and very comforting) scientific creation narrative
By B. Case
"The Meaning of Human Existence," by Edward O. Wilson, is an extraordinary book: audacious, illuminating--and in the end, oddly comforting. How could it not be with a subject and title so outrageously brazen? Written by one of the most honored and preeminent living biologists, and at the pinnacle of his life, this is an exceptionally personal book. It is a synthesis and distillation of all the big who-are-we ideas he's put together from a lifetime of scientific research and personal experience. You might call it a highly personal philosophical anthropology. But more accurately, it's a scientific creation narrative about how we came to be what we are, what makes us special in the cosmos, and how we can use that specialness to improve our future.

I downloaded this book the day it was published and devoured it over the course of the next two days. Now, a few days later, I am still basking in the satisfying glow and deep comfort of that extraordinary experience.

The book pleased me not because it offered any major new scientific concepts or ideas. In fact, I found I was already quiet familiar with nearly all of the science presented in the book. If you've read Wilson's other bestselling books, and you're reasonably well-read in the fields of prehistory, evolutionary biology, cultural anthropology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and comparative religions, then you, too, will find little new here. What was beautiful and remarkable was how the author was able to weave these many big concepts together to form a stunning tapestry of truth, a new science-based creation narrative.

In this book, Wilson recounts his personal scientific take on the epic journey of human evolution. Wilson focuses that journey heavily on his recent groundbreaking thesis about the importance of human eusociality (see his "The Social Conquest of Earth"). The book also touches briefly on the latest scientific knowledge concerning instinct, the biology of religion, free will, and consciousness. As an important side note--yet given a whole chapter of its own--the author makes it clear that in the greater scheme of things, it is "microbes that rule the Galaxy." For me, the most entertaining and enlightening chapter was the one entitled, "Portrait of E. T." In that chapter, the author speculates--based on scientific theory--about the characteristics he would expect from any "human-grade aliens on Earth-like planets." He gives us eight characteristics; taken together, they form a startling and eye-opening portrait, one significantly different from that we currently see in most science fiction.

Finally, the book celebrates the dual importance of the humanities in addition to the sciences as the joint hallmarks of human achievement. He makes a point that if intelligent aliens were ever to contact earth, they would probably be far less interested in our science than our arts and humanities. After all, if they were to contact us, it is obvious that we would have little knowledge about science that they would not already know. It is our amazing accumulation of cultural heritage that would fascinate and thrill them.

In closing, it would be an enormous oversight if I failed to note what a sublime pleasure it always is to read Wilson's clear, thoughtful, eloquent and exquisite prose. I will be deeply saddened if this turns out to be his last book.

143 of 151 people found the following review helpful.
Eloquence without conclusion
By Newton Munnow
I've read many of E.O. Wilson's books. None have stunned me in the same way as when I first read 'On Human Nature' but 'The Meaning of Human Existence' boasts a big title for what is, essentially, an echo of many of his past works. When Wilson sticks to science, he's as sharp and eloquent as ever. When he veers to philosophical guesswork, as in his chapter on Extraterrestrial Life, he's a lot less convincing.

While I liked the idea of visiting ETs being more concerned with the humanities than our scientific discoveries (they'd have reached the same scientific conclusions independent of human input) I wasn't convinced by Wilson's projections of what they might look like. I'm not sure there was any point in including such a chapter. In a book that should have been marshaling facts and arguments it felt like a less than amusing detour.

One of Wilson's main points remains that the internal conflict in human conscience is a result of thousands of years of trying to balance individual selection against group selection. In other words, selfishness is (to an extent) natural for each of us. But at the point it affects the group you belong to, it weakens that group. If it weakens it too much, adios to your entire group and goodbye to your gene pool. The rallying cry he concludes with, for humans to share enough knowledge to remember that they are part of life on earth rather than the point of life on earth, is a vital one. Fight ignorance, ask the right questions, catalog the answers - it's vintage Wilson. There are no breadcrumbs here thrown to the religious and Wilson's punches still hit home after all these years.

161 of 174 people found the following review helpful.
patchwork
By Avid reader
The most ambitious thing about this relatively short book seems to be its title. Wilson fans will quickly discover that there is nothing really new here. On the contrary, it struck me to be a collection of set pieces that are not even carefully edited (as can be seen by the fact that several explanations and descriptions occur--almost verbatim--in several places).

Wilson, one of the founding fathers of sociobiology, sees not only the biological make up of mankind but also its cultural creativity shaped by the accidental developments of its evolutionary history. Thus our morality arose out of the conflicting pressures of individual selection (sin) versus group selection (virtue), our love of stories and literature, our delight in music, our sense of religious awe all exist because they provided evolving man with advantages in his existence as successful hunter-gatherer. For Wilson a phenomenon (be it biological or cultural) is explained in its meaning as soon as its evolutionary advantage for mankind has been explained, a view shared by few proponents or practitioners of the humanities. Where he seems to run into problems, however, is when it comes to deciding whether what was advantageous to hunter-gatherers can still be considered to be advantageous to the evolutionary future of mankind. Here Wilson decides to have it both ways. On the one hand, he firmly believes that it would be a mistake to fiddle with the biological make up of man's nature (p.60)--though he is quite willing to consider some drastic social engineering, which he himself admits "sounds 'fascist'" but "can be deferred for another generation or two" (p.137). Small comfort!

When he comes to the evolutionary advantages of man's culture, on the other hand, he is quite eager to pick and choose right now. Religion he considers evolutionary baggage (a form of antiquated, blood-shedding cultural tribalism) that should be tossed sooner rather than later. (But how about the intra- and inter-tribal blood-letting Darwin in his "The Descent of Man" considers so beneficial for the human evolution of the fittest? Nothing wrong with that? Nietzsche in fact blames the Christian religion for trying to stifle this beneficial blood-letting with its unnatural morality of love. Who occupies the high ground here?) But let's go on: Philosophy (excluding Daniel Dannett!)is not far behind in the general house cleaning: "The history of philosophy when boiled down consists mostly of failed models of the brain" (p. 161). Our belief in free will is of course also an illusion but "necessary for sanity and thereby for the perpetuation of the human species" (170). That illusion can stay! Other cultural activities are viewed favorably. Their creativity is admired as long as it does not interfere with the progress of a rational world view. The book ends with Wilson's fervent hope that we can, with the help of "technoscientific" progress emerge from our human "childhood" (does this include our playmates Plato, Dante, Shakespeare, Mozart et al.?) into an age of peace, mutual understanding and preserved biodiversity. All of this sounds so awfully pat, so depressingly reductionist. Is this the wisdom for the future? It seems such awfully pale, one-dimensional stuff. Is it really so reasonable to toss out the wisdom of our past cultural experiences for this kind of rationalistic fundamentalism?

The best chapters, in my opinion, are those (in the middle section of the book) where Wilson can show with his usual mastery of detail the complexities of non-human life forms (his favorite ants, animal and plant lives in their dependence on smells, the rule of microbes in the galaxy.) I wish he would have gone on and on! The realities he describes seem so much richer, more fertile, more complex, more mysterious than the seemingly "enlightened" conclusions he establishes for the meaning of human existence. These seem to belong--as the author Marilynne Robinson phrased it in another context--to "a new upsurge of that famous Western rationalism, old enemy of reasonableness, always so right at the time, always so shocking in retrospect."

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